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What is a PhD research proposal?


A PhD research proposal is a statement of possible research that a student proposes to study during hisher PhD course. Usually PhD duration is of three or more years nike shox femme soldes , and therefore, the identified problem or area of research should be big enough to be studied throughout this time.


What are the contents of a PhD research proposal?


Although proposals differ in their writing style, some of the basic contents of a PhD research proposal are as follows:


Title page: A title page should contain the name of the proposed research nike air max 90 fleur de jasmin , candidate, supervisor (if known) and the department or school to which it will be submitted.


Research Title: The proposed research title should be clear, precise and should summarise the details which are given in the proposed research.

Introduction: A proposal starts with the introduction of research problem and some background information that supports or validates the existence of stated problem and need for the proposed research.


Rationale or research questions: This section gives reasons for why this research is significant. It also put forward some questions which will be addressed in the proposed research. An alternative of research questions is hypothesis nike air max fleuri rose , which the student will prove or reject through hisher research.


Literature Review: A literature review summarises the nature of studies which have been already done in the field of proposed research. It will bring out the gaps and arguments in the existing research that support the need of the proposed research, and how the proposed research will fill those gaps.


Aims and Objective: Aim and objectives will highlight what will be the outcome of the proposed research.


Methodology: Methodology section gives the details of how the student will carry out the proposed research. Here, student needs to provide information on data required nike air max fleuri femme , process of data collection, various possible data sources, data analysis nike blazer fleuri basse , methods and techniques to be applied and research presentation.


Ethical Considerations: If the research involves questionnaire or interviews with human beings, then international universities require an ethical approval prior to the beginning of the research. This is done to save the personal freedom and for the safety of the participants. In the research proposal student needs to mention that ethical approval will be taken prior to the beginning of the field research involving human beings.


Budget: A few research proposals also require budget information. Budget information include the amount of total expected cost both direct and indirect, cost of any equipment required nike blazer imprimé fleuri , cost of field study, accommodation and conference participation etc. If any other organisation is sponsoring the project then that information should also come in this section.


Timeline: Usually most PhDs take three or more years, but this section contains detailed time table for the project nike blazer fleuri pas cher , such as, time spent on literature review, primary and secondary data collection nike roshe run print palm trees , data analysis, writing and presentation.


Conclusion: Some research proposals also contain a section titled as conclusion which restate the significance of the proposed research in the theoretical and practical world.


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Are all research proposals same?


The idea of the research proposal is same i.e. propose a study during your PhD. However, slight variations can be observed in the format of research proposal according to the subject of research. For specialised fields it is a good strategy to look into the past research proposal of the students who have pursued PhD in that subject.


A few common format of research proposal format are as follows:


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Sample 1:

* Topic
* Background
* Objective
* Scope
* Methodology and Approach
* Facilities
* Budget
* Deliverables and Programme Schedule
* References.


Sample 2:

* Proposed Research Topic
* Purposes
* Background
* Scope
* Theoretical framework
* Method
* Timetable
* Limitations
* References


Sample 3:


* Topic
* Overview
* Introduction
* The Problem
* Research Plan
* References


Sample 4:


* Topic
* Introduction
* Literature review
* Methodology
* Budget
* Expected results
* Bibliography References


What should be the size of a research proposal?


At times nike roshe run noir et fleur , universities give some details about the size of a research proposal in which case one has to follow that rule. In other cases a normal proposal may vary from five to ten or more pages. The size of a research proposal also varies with academic disciplines, and it is advisable to enquire about it from the subject supervisor.


How to make a successful research proposal?


A carefully planned research proposal is a key to success. However, funding organisations and universities also look for the following details before accepting a research proposal:


Does the research proposal address a significant issue?
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